Description

Fish reproduction methods vary, with most fish laying numerous small eggs that are fertilized and scattered externally. Pelagic fish eggs float in open water, while shore and freshwater fish often lay eggs on the bottom or among plants, some with adhesive properties. High egg and juvenile mortality means few reach maturity. Nearly all fish reproduce sexually, with most species having separate sexes, and external fertilization is common. Oviparous fish lay eggs that develop outside the mother's body, while ovoviviparous fish, including some sharks, have eggs develop inside the mother without maternal nourishment. Fertilization can be external or internal, and some fish have adapted fins for internal fertilization. Embryo development can also be external or internal, with some species transitioning between the two. Thierry LodÈ classified reproductive strategies into five categories: ovuliparity, oviparity, ovo-viviparity, histotrophic viviparity, and hemotrophic viviparity. This book explores the genetic, physiological, behavioral, ecological, evolutionary, and applied aspects of teleost reproduction, highlighting the adaptive diversity of reproductive strategies.