Description

The history of architecture reflects its evolution across various traditions, regions, and stylistic trends, beginning with humans' need for shelter and protection. While often associated with buildings, architecture also encompasses urbanism, civil engineering, naval, military, and landscape architecture. It involves not just design and construction but also the creation of space and ambiance, considering social and environmental impacts. Practical aspects include scheduling, budgeting, administration, and technical documentation, such as plans and specifications. Greek and Roman architecture drew from civic ideals rather than religious ones. In Asia, significant architectural texts include "Kao Gong Ji" by Lin Xiyi (1235), "Shilpa Shastras" from Ancient India, and the "Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra" of Sri Lanka, detailing Buddhist monastery construction. Islamic architecture integrated religious and societal needs, introducing techniques like pendentives for supporting large domes, leading to grand structures like the Hagia Sophia. Architecture enthusiasts often reference "A Global History of Architecture" for its comprehensive coverage of the field.