Description

Stress in biology is any change in environmental conditions that might reduce or adversely change a plantís growth or development. The negative impact of environmental factors on plant growth and yield. Any adverse factor acting on physiological processes/ biochemical activity of the plants is called as abiotic stress. Stress in plants refers to external conditions that adversely affect growth, development or productivity of plants. Stresses trigger a wide range of plant responses like altered gene expression, cellular metabolism, changes in growth rates, crop yields, etc. A plant stress usually reflects some sudden changes in environmental condition. However in stress tolerant plant species, exposure to a particular stress leads to acclimation to that specific stress in a time time-dependent manner. Plant stress can be divided into two primary categories namely abiotic stress and biotic stress. Abiotic stress imposed on plants by environment may be either physical or chemical, while as biotic stress exposed to the crop plants is a biological unit like diseases, insects, etc. Some stresses to the plants injured them as such that plants exhibit several metabolic dysfunctions. Biotic stress in plants is caused by living organisms, specially viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, arachnids and weeds. The agents causing biotic stress directly deprive their host of its nutrients can lead to death of plants. Biotic stress can become major because of pre- and postharvest losses. Despite lacking the adaptive immune system plants can counteract biotic stresses by evolving themselves to certain sophisticated strategies. Wind stress is visual stress incurred by wind causes damage to seedlings, breaking branches and even uprooting the whole plants. It helps to covert ground fires to crown fires.