Advanced Economic Theory Tanner Wilkerson

Economics is a social science which deals with human wants and their satisfaction. It is mainly concerned with the way in which a society chooses to employ its scarce resources which have alternative uses, for the production of goods for present and future consumption. The theory of factor pricing is concerned with the principles according to which the price of each factor of production is determined and distributed.The distribution of factors of production can be of two types, namely personal and functional. Personal distribution is concerned with the distribution of income among different individuals. Public finance deals with the economics of government. It studies mainly about the income and expenditure of government. So we have to study about different aspects relating to taxation, public expenditure, public debt and so on. Oligopoly falls between two extreme market structures, perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopoly occurs when a few firms dominate the market for a good or service. This implies that when there are a small number of competing firms, their marketing decisions exhibit strong mutual interdependence. By mutual interdependence we mean that a firm's action say of setting the price has a noticeable effect on its rival firms and they are likely to react in the some way. Each firm considers the possible reaction of rivals to its price and product development decisions. In economics and particularly in industrial organization, market power is the ability of a firm to profitably raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost. In perfectly competitive markets, market participants have no market power. A firm with total market power can raise prices without losing any customers to competitors. Market participants that have market power are therefore sometimes referred to as "price makers" or "price setters" while those without are sometimes called "price takers". Significant market power occurs when prices exceed marginal cost and long run average cost, so the firm makes profit. This unique work treats economic growth and development in terms of a theory which is applicable to an economy in the post-industrial, developing,and emerging stages.